Sketching- Multi-Views

Introduction

It’s a very common occurrence to see a product advertisement and think, “I thought of an idea for something like that just a few months ago.” People spend a lot of time in their various interest areas and envision ideas for making things work better.Spend some time with someone who has a permanent disability and see how many product ideas come to mind that would provide a degree of freedom to a person whohas lost a physical capability. Coming up with wonderful ideas are only the first step in developing solutions to problems. At some point, ideas must be built.

You’ve practiced different techniques for sketching objects so that they appear to have a three-dimensional quality. These techniques are excellent for quickly communicating ideas to both technical and non-technical people. Those who make their living building ideas require a different type of drawing format. A multi-view sketch, also referred to as an orthographic projection sketch, is the standard sketch format used by engineers to communicate ideas to professionals in the building trades.

However, pictorials do not provide accurate information about the true size and shape of an object and all of its features. It is often the case that engineered objects have features and edges that are obscured by the standard surface views of a multi-view drawing. These views require hidden lines. When engineers create drawings of cylindrical objects, or objects that have holes, they must represent their axes and axes points with centerlines.

Knowing how to sketch and interpret multi-views is an important skill for any engineer. In this activity, you will develop your ability to see and sketch objects as a series of related two-dimensional views. Understanding and using the different line conventions, discussed earlier in this lesson, will help when creating these views.

Equipment

Pencil

Engineering notebook

Procedure

Study the images below. The various surfaces of the object are identified by letters on the isometric drawing and by numbers on the multi-view drawing. In the table, write the number that corresponds with the lettered surface in each of the top, front, and right side views.

Sketching- Perspective

Introduction

If you can stand on a straight road and look down the road, it appears as if the sides of the road eventually narrow to one point. The center of the road vanishes when the road meets the horizon. If the road is straight enough and long enough, the sides of the road not only look like they are converging to a single point, but the road seems to appear to vanish as it meets the horizon. A similar effect occurs if you stare upward from the base of a tall building. The vertical edges of the building will appear to angle in toward each other. This effect is called perspective.

The human eye sees the world in perspective. Objects that are further away from the eye appear smaller, and edges appear to recede into the distance. Perspective sketches depict objects in much the same way that the human eye sees the world.

There are three different types of perspective drawings: one-point, two-point, andthree-point perspective. The different types of sketches are frequently used by architects, industrial designers, and illustrators when representing large scale objects or environments in which the effect of distance must be taken into consideration.

In this activity, you will practice your sketching skills by generating perspective views based on provided isometric views of objects. You will also apply your skills by creating one-point and two-point perspective of other imagined or real objects that you choose.

Equipment

•

Grid paper or engineering notebook

•

Pencil and/or pen

•

Puzzle cube puzzle pieces

•

Various objects

Procedure

Study the object represented in the isometric views below. Use the vanishing point and horizon line indicated to lay out light construction lines and create a one-point perspective sketch of the object within the given box. The perspective sketch must show the object in a top, left side, front view orientation. Delineate the visible edges of the sketch with heavy object lines. DO NOT ERASE YOUR CONSTRUCTION LINES. Add tonal shading to the sketch when finished.

Sketching- Isometrics

Introduction

How do reading the face of a clock and sketching isometric pictorials relate to each other? Picture a cube in your mind. All of the surfaces of the cube form right angles with their adjacent faces. If you were to draw an isometric pictorial of the cube, you would see that the edges point toward 2 and 8 o’clock, 4 and 10 o’clock, and 6 and12 o’clock. This idea helps when sketching isometric pictorials on writing surfaces that do not have isometric grids.

Isometrics are a common pictorial used both for concept sketches and to represent designs in technical drawings.

Equipment

•

Pencil

•

Isometric grid paper

•

Orthographic grid paper, graph paper, or engineering notebook

Procedure

In this activity, you will develop your isometric sketching skills by first drawing isometric views of objects that are already given in an isometric orientation. You will apply your sketching skills in later exercises to sketch orthographic views of objects that are not given in isometric orientation and to represent your ideas and designs.

When referring to the orientation of an isometric view, the isometric view is labeled in the order of first face, second face, then third face.  For example, the image on the left below shows a top, front, right side view isometric. The same object is pictured again on the right but is shown in a top, left side, front view orientation. We will almost exclusively use the top, front, right side view in this course. In fact, the orientation of the isometric will dictate how you label and show the orthographic projections (or side views) of the object in later activities.